FORCE OVER AREA

A typical diamond anvil face is about 100-1000 micrometers square. Consider that if P = F/A then to achieve 100 GPa, in a typical diamond anvil cell, it would thus require a force applied of "10 to the 7 Newtons"...can a force of "10 to the 7 Newtons" be applied in a typical diamond anvil cell by turning a screw along the pressure axis of the DAC? Where "10 to the 7 N" is on the order of 10 million Newtons of force...You can see that it is probably impossible to achieve such a force in a device the size of a can of coke. A standard tool in mechanical work for force measurement when tightening nuts on bolts is known as a torque wrench. A diamond anvil cell scientist could buy a torque wrench and measure the torque applied to the nuts and bolts that are tightened when diamond anvils are forced on to each other to generate pressure. One could get a measure of the torque applied in the tightening of the pressure nuts and bolts assembly, and thus one could convert the torque to a force applied in Newtons to the diamond anvils. From the ratio of force applied thus to the area of the diamond anvil faces one could obtain a ball park approximation of the pressure attained inside a diamond anvil cell, and calibrate it thus with an equation of state (EOS) pressure calibrant such as a Noble metal's lattice parameter. 

SPACE + TIME

The number of fundamental dimensionless ratios...called the Eddington constants...is now equal to 5...this number, I believe, Eddington equated to the number of spatial and temporal dimensions in the Universe...Eddington thought there were 4 such dimensions, from Einstein's theory of space-time, but I believe there are 5 spatial and temporal dimensions...the 3 classical space dimensions of height and width and depth + the usual time dimension that is positive valued + a time dimension that is negative valued...to correspond to the 5 Eddington ratios that are defined in my Indian Journal of Physics paper, INJP, 95(5), 911-914, 2021...this is just speculation...MJB

EMIL FISCHER

Almost every other examiner at the PTO never used the "shoes" in Art Unit N Heterocycles, where I worked, or in any other Art Units nearby. I never understood that fact. The "shoes" were hard copies of US and some foreign patents that you could manually search according to classification rules. One day I was doing a "shoe" search on some N heterocycle...or some other small molecule, and at the bottom of the shoes, in the N heterocycle Art Unit, in shoes near to the floor of the search room, I came across a whole bunch of patents awarded to the inventor Emil Fischer. I recognized the name "Emil Fischer" as a famous German chemist who, like 5 or 6 other people of the surname Fischer, won Nobel Prizes in Chemistry. The patents were about various nucleotide or nucleoside derivatives...they were modifications of the natural purine and pyrimidine N rich biomolecules. They were all patents from a European Patent Office I believe. I was very intrigued by the discovery I made in the "shoes" that day. I often searched the shoes to try to find previous patent documents that anticipated the application art I was examining. I don't remember if I used any documents from the shoes in any of my office actions. I believe that probably 1 out of 1000 patent documents turns out to be valuable ultimately in a monetary sense. The other 999 patents out of 1000 are not of monetary value. But 1000 out of 1000 patents represent the technology and the "state of the art" in the World at any given moment. And 1000 out of 1000 patents can be considered a rich literature...both good literature and bad literature...that the scientific enterprise learns from and documents. All patents represent a rich literature thus.

TIME & DISORDER

In the beginning, some 13.8 billion years ago, the Eddington ratios were exactly equal to their current approximate values, and the corresponding Universe was much more "ordered" in its physics & chemistry & biology. Now, some 13.8 billion years later, time has passed on and our Universe has descended in to relative disorder, as evidenced by the Eddington ratios being slightly away from ideality. There is nothing we can do nowadays in our Universe except hope and pray that the Eddington ratios revert back to ideality, in order to cause the Universe to become more ordered once again. Hoping and praying for ideality in the Eddington ratios is the scientific equivalent statement to having a traditional faith in a recognized God I think.